Синергия/МОИ/МТИ/МОСАП ответы 100 баллов
Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции (№ 8)
Вопросов в тесте: 252
Вопросы теста
2. A system of law that prescribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people inclusive of one’s self is … law
3. A system of law that represents rights and obligations in the sphere of business transactions is … law
4. Another important function of … is the protection of the legitimate interests of citizens
5. Arrange the sources of law according to their importance (start with the most important one):
6. Civil claims are dealt with by … law
7. Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:
8. Hammurabi’s Code contains …
9. It is not correct that … are a capacity
10. Mercantile Law is …
11. Mercantile law was created in … to deal with interactions between merchants, and continues to change over time due to legislative changes, case law, and long-term trends in usage
12. The … considered the Twelve Tables, the first codification of Roman law, to be among their greatest achievements
13. The … of law comprises a number of principles of a formal and procedural character, addressing the way in which a community is governed
14. The … of the State Council fulfil their responsibilities independently.
15. The Courts are to …
16. The elements to ensure legal capacities and liabilities include …
17. The idea of written laws goes back to ancient … culture that prospered long before the Bible was written or the civilizations of the Greeks or Romans flowered
18. The oldest known evidence of a law code is the …
19. The system of rules which regulates society is …
20. The very first legislation known to history which affirmed the legal personhood of women is called the … of Hammurabi
21. There are various fields of law. The types of law students choose to pursue often determine the firms they can apply to once they graduate. Here’s a case that can be attributed to one field of law: a golf player known for his speed and elusiveness murdered his wife.Is it public law or private law? What is the area of law? Who will initiate the case?
22. … are supposed to be reflected in law as law should be based on what society sees as acceptable, fair, just
23. … is defined as freedom from inner conflict
24. … values are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime
25. … values are the highest values in a person’s value system
26. … values are the values that are often used
27. A comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation is …
28. A set of principles established by the founders of the organization to communicate its underlying moral values are called … standards
29. A synonym for light-hearted and joyful is …
30. Adultery is a voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and someone other than that person's current spouse or partner. The Code of Hammurabi in Babylonia provided a punishment of death by drowning for adultery. In ancient Greece and in Roman law, an offending female spouse could be killed, but men were not severely punished. Study the following case: “The husband alleged that he saw his wife talking with another person on three occasions”. What’s the difference between “ethical” and “legal”? Does the case deal with Russian/English criminal law?
31. Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting from the basic ones:
32. As a member of a profession dedicated to the service of clients, a … should be committed to the values
33. Basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions are …
34. Both terminal and … values affect people’s personal as well as professional lives alike
35. It is not correct that … belong to instrumental values
36. Match the given expressions with the definitions:
37. Milton Rokeach defines values as enduring beliefs that … are preferred
38. Some scholars don’t distinguish between morals and …
39. The ethical norms, values, and principles that guide a profession and the ethics of decisions made within the profession are called … ethics
40. The principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour are …
41. Values are frequently regarded as “enduring …” that are stable and reflect the way the decisions are made.
42. Values are practical based on the previous …, usually of several generations
43. … is the practice of safeguarding buyers of goods and services, and the public, against unfair practices in the marketplace
44. A claim for damage caused to health, life or property may be brought against a … (either seller or executor) at the consumer’s discretion
45. Consumer protection ensures that … make well-informed decisions about their choices and have access to effective redress mechanisms
46. Establish the sequence of actions to make a return request:
47. If a product fails to comply with its description or the regulations regarding production or labelling, it is considered to be ‘…’ for the purposes of this provision, thus subjecting the defendant to liability
48. If an individual does not meet the required definition (e.g., an individual entrepreneur, who buys goods in the course of his business), he is not subject to the Consumer … Law
49. It is not correct that legal doctrine is also recognized as a … of law
50. Match the words with their synonyms:
51. Product … in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law “On Consumer Protection” dated 7 February 1992 (the Consumer Protection Law)
52. Product liability in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law ‘On Consumer Protection’ dated 7 February … (the Consumer Protection Law)
53. Products must be recalled when …
54. Russia belongs to …
55. The … Code and the Consumer Protection Law contain a number of provisions by which manufacturers may incur liability for loss or damage suffered by the consumers of their products, regardless of whether or not a direct contractual relationship exists
56. The … is an individual who has the intention of ordering or acquiring goods (works, services) or who orders, acquires or uses them exclusively for personal, family, household and other needs not relating to the pursuance of entrepreneurial activities
57. The … is an organization regardless of its organisational and legal form and also an individual entrepreneur who performs works or renders services to consumers under a cost contract
58. The … is an organization, regardless of its organisational and legal form, and also an individual entrepreneur who perform works or render services to the consumers on the chargeable agreement
59. The … is an organization, regardless of its organisational and legal form, and also an individual entrepreneur who sells goods to consumers under a sale contract
60. The basic feature of the Russian legislation regulating product liability is …
61. The manufacturer (but not the seller) must compensate the … against losses suffered as a result of the product’s recall
62. The product can be recalled from the market and from consumers by …
63. You are a lawyer. Your client is Tatyana who bought boots in the shop 35 days ago. Yesterday she found out that her boots had a hole. She wants to have her money back as she states that it was a defective product. Can she return goods after 14 days of the purchase? Does she need to have a receipt? Who should pay for the expertise?
64. Antique shop owner Mary uses a courier service to ship a set of china to John. The china set gets broken during delivery. You are a lawyer. Advise Mary as to her liability.Who will be responsible for fixing the problem?
65. Consumer protection laws and actions had a rapid growth in the …
66. Consumer protection laws safeguard … of goods and services against defective products and deceptive, fraudulent business practices
67. Consumer Protection Laws specific to … commerce provides the regulation and oversight of the integrity of products and services offered within a virtual marketplace
68. Consumer Protection within the computer age prevents from the defrauding of consumers engaging within the … marketplace upon regulating the methods and activities of electronic commerce and transactions
69. Consumers face high cost and time barriers to taking action against a business, resulting in low usage of consumer …
70. Historically, under the common law doctrine of caveat emptor, … had very little protection from misleading sales, requiring consumers to inspect all transactions themselves
71. If you buy something online and it is … or not as advertised or not fit for purpose you will have exactly the same rights as if you bought it in a shop.
72. Match the words with the synonyms:
73. Reading … reviews can tell you more about a company or product
74. The … and anti-monopoly laws passed both at the close of the 19th century, as well as the early years of the 20th century disallowed for the commercial monopolization of the commercial market for the first time in conjunction with recorded and mandated legislature within the United States
75. The “cooling off” period available to consumers who change their minds about goods they've bought from a retailer in Russia takes …
76. The agency responsible for inspecting complaints of scams and fraud against businesses is …
77. The aim of the … is to share information about cross-border commercial activities that may affect consumer interests, and to encourage international cooperation among law enforcement agencies
78. The earliest Consumer Protection law was …
79. The Federal Trade … works with foreign competition and consumer protection authority, and cooperates with foreign authorities on enforcement and policy matters through formal and informal agreements
80. The Federal Trade Commission’s mission is to protect consumers and promote …
81. The Product Liability … of 1985 was the first consumer protection measure
82. The Regulation on Consumer Protection Cooperation (CPC) is applicable in the … Economic Area
83. The rights and responsibilities of consumers, legal provisions and mechanism for settlement of consumer grievances are called … protection
84. … and supervision of consumer protection by Rospotrebnadzor acting pursuant to its Regulations approved by Resolution of the Russian Government
85. … are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law, or with rules and regulations
86. … are responsible for ensuring product safety and to control the protection of human rights
87. … flaw in goods (works, services) means a flaw that it is impossible to eliminate or a flaw which cannot be eliminated without spending an in commensurate outlays or time or which occurs repeatedly or which emerges again after it has been eliminated or other similar flaws
88. … is a comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation
89. … is a drug-defined crime (chose 2 correct answers)
90. … is a scheme of social control that is represented by a combination of relations between several things
91. … is an organisation, regardless of the organisational-and-legal form thereof, or an individual businessman engaged in importing commodities for their subsequent sale
92. … is classified as private law
93. … is concerned with human actions, and the choice of those actions, and evaluates those actions, and the values that underlie them
94. … is firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic values
95. … is overall quality or character, that helps you to attract new customers and build customer loyalty
96. … is the area of law that deals with agreements between people, businesses, and groups
97. … is the condition of being free of restraints, especially the ability to act without control or interference by another or by circumstance
98. … is the estimated or appraised worth of any object or property, calculated in money
99. … is usually connected with what is believed to be right or wrong, with human moral principles or values
100. … law deals with marriage and divorce
101. … law is also referred to as “primitive law”, “unwritten law”, “indigenous law”, and “folk law”
102. … law is made by human beings, and one of its most famous examples – the US Constitution – begins with the words “We, the people...”
103. … laws are perceived to be eternal and immutable, while secular rules can be changed by their makers
104. … laws are statutory instruments made by local governments to regulate a broad range of issues within their communities
105. … measures are referred to as acts or, in the case of bicameral legislatures, joint or concurrent resolutions of both houses
106. … rests upon popular participation in government, constitutionalism upon disclosure of and openness about the affairs of government
107. … values are usually mutual for different communities and could be described using the following characteristics – socially acceptable, right and wrong
108. …crimes come in several different varieties, and the connections that exist between … and crime can sometimes be very nuanced and complex
109. ‘Ius civile’ applied to … citizens
110. A branch of the law that governs the horizontal relationships among private parties is … law
111. A constitution guarantees …
112. A legal … is the legal condition of a person who is required or forbidden by the law to perform an act
113. A number of principles of a formal and procedural character, addressing the way in which a community is governed comprises …
114. A person who hears a case at court is called a …
115. A prominent growth in the individual associations took place in Europe in …
116. A system of treaties and agreements between nations that governs how nations interact with other nations, citizens of other nations, and businesses of other nations is … law
117. A turning point in the Consumer Protection Legislation was the … Treaty, signed on February 7, 1992 and ratified by Law no. 454 of November 3, 1992 that transformed the European Community in European Union
118. According to researchers of scientists every 10th family has met the problem of drug …
119. According to the Constitution there are 3 branches: …, executive and judiciary
120. According to the statistics there are nearly 500,000 drugs … registered in Russia; however, experts suggest that the number is at least six times greater
121. Although, there are values accepted by the whole community, there are also … values that may be specific
122. Amnesty International is a global movement of more than seven million people who are independent of any type of political ideology, religion or economic interest and who take … personally
123. An area of United States law that involves agreements between people, businesses, and groups is … law
124. An international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom, is … International
125. An international nongovernmental organization that investigates and documents human rights violations and advocates for policies to prevent such abuses is Human Rights …
126. An international organization that uses the medical and scientific tools to attract attention to severe human rights abuses and mass atrocities is … for Human Rights
127. Another characteristic of the unwritten constitution is the special significance of political customs known as ‘…’, which oil the wheels of the relationship between the ancient institutions of state
128. Apart from Rospotrebnadzor, protection of … rights in Russia is also conducted by municipal authorities that review applications from consumers, give necessary consultations and apply to courts to protect consumers
129. Arrange the following areas of law chronologically according to their appearance:
130. Arrange the following legal acts chronologically:
131. Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting with the highest ones:
132. Arrange the values according to the theory of values by Max Scheler starting from the basic values:
133. Attribute the following terms to the appropriate groups:
134. British people certainly say that they have a …, but it is one that exists in an abstract sense, comprising a host of diverse laws, practices and conventions that have evolved over a long period of time
135. By the late Middle Ages civil and canon laws were taught at most universities and formed the basis of a shared body of … thought common to most of Europe
136. Civil Rights Defenders was established in …
137. Code of … Offences establishes liability for certain offences committed against a consumer, such as: selling goods and rendering works or services of improper quality
138. Complex Measures to withstand abuse and illegal drugs …was worked out and successfully implemented by central and local authorities
139. Constitution guarantees citizens certain substantive and procedural … to which they deemed themselves entitled as subjects of the British crown under the ancient English common law
140. Consumer … laws are designed to prevent businesses from engaging in fraud or unfair practices, to protect individuals from scam artists, and identity thieves and crooks
141. Consumer protection in the American legislation is implemented through …
142. Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:
143. Criminal law prosecutes activities which are …
144. Distributing a drug is …
145. Drug … is a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws
146. Drug abuse and … are associated with drug-related crimes
147. Drug use is regarded as a real problem in many parts of the world, although the extent of the issue varies greatly depending on culture, access, and …
148. Arrange the following acts chronologically:
149. Executive branch is represented by the … in Russia
150. From a comparative perspective, British people have what is known as an ‘… constitution’, although some prefer to describe it as ‘uncodified’
151. Human Rights are …
152. Human Rights Watch has its headquarters in …
153. Human Rights Without … (HRWF) is an international non-profit organization that promotes respect for human rights around the globe and advocates for democracy, the rule of law and social justice
154. If a dealer from Austria sells drugs to a buyer from the USA, it is called drug …
155. If a warranty period is established for the goods, the buyer has the right to make claims related to the short delivery of the goods within …
156. In a religious legal … disputes are usually adjudicated by an officer of that religion, so the same person is both judge and priest
157. In certain cases, drug use can be connected to … that only relate to drugs in an indirect way
158. In certain cases, drug use can be connected to crimes that only relate to drugs in an … way
159. In Russia rather than having a single product liability …, the relevant rules are scattered among various laws
160. In US law, a … is a crime punishable by a term of imprisonment of not less than one year or by the death penalty
161. It is not correct that … belongs to terminal values
162. It is not correct that … belongs to the core activities of Amnesty International
163. It is not correct that … is included in the guidelines for Consumer protection
164. It should be noted that there are three main sources of the law in the world:legislation, … or decisions of the higher court or custom
165. Law creates not only …, but also justifications for people to behave in a certain way (lawful behaviour)
166. Law is made up of formulated legislation, including constitutions, statutes, treaties, … and codes; rules of law announced by the courts in deciding cases
167. Laws are binding for the members of the society because …
168. Laws currently in force in England include …
169. Legal scholars have adapted the principles of ancient Roman law in the Corpus … to contemporary needs
170. Many countries are affected by … addiction today
171. Match the following acts with their purposes:
172. Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:
173. Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:
174. Match the given expressions with the definitions:
175. Match the given expressions with the definitions:
176. Match the words with the definitions:
177. Match the words with the definitions:
178. Match the words with the definitions:
179. Match the words with the synonyms:
180. Match the words with the synonyms:
181. Match the words with their synonyms:
182. Match the words with their synonyms:
183. Match the words with their synonyms:
184. Match the words with their synonyms:
185. Most rules of law have developed from the … that are known as a settled and accepted way of behavior in the defined circumstances
186. Organized … activities are activities such as money laundering and political corruption, in support of the drug trade
187. Originally … law was used by the merchants in Europe
188. Product … is the ability of a product to be safe for intended use, as determined when evaluated against a set of established rules
189. Put the steps of the consumer decision making process in the appropriate order:
190. Rospotrebnadzor inspects products (works, services) as being in conformity with obligatory … ensuring safety towards consumers and environment as well as preventing harm and damages thereto
191. Strict liability is applied regardless of whether or not contractual relations exist. The test for whether ‘… information’ was supplied to a consumer is quite uncertain
192. The … Code and the Consumer Protection Law contain a number of provisions by which manufacturers may incur liability for loss or damage suffered by the consumers of their products
193. The … Directive is the foundational legal framework for online services in the EU
194. The adoption of the Constitution was so important to Russia because …
195. The birth and evolution of the medieval … law tradition based on Roman law was thus integral to European legal development
196. The body of rules, doctrines, and practices that govern the operation of political communities is …
197. The company that makes a particular brand of sneakers is an example of the … of the sneakers
198. The Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted in …
199. The Consumer Code in Italy came into force on 23 October 2005 and has been a … body of law for the protection of consumer rights
200. The dramatic changes in Eastern Europe, Africa, and Latin America since 1989 have powerfully demonstrated a surge in demand for respect of … rights
201. The EU legislation provides for some consumer protection or regulates the power of national authorities to introduce consumer protection …
202. The forms of laws are …
203. The functions of Rospotrebnadzor’s officials are to … (choose 2 correct answers)
204. The Human Rights Act 1998 came into force in …
205. The idea of written laws first appears in … culture
206. The individual associations remained weak until, in 1989, was created the … Consumers and Users Association which was attended by nine associations
207. The law creates a … system including the system of the courts for mitigating controversies
208. The law operates in the … environment
209. The laws are enforced according to their acceptance by …
210. The legal framework within which public administration is carried out is … law
211. The legislature is the Federal … of Russia, which consists of two chambers: the State Duma (the lower house) and the Federation Council (the upper house)
212. The main spheres of law are …
213. The most widespread classification of drugs is according to the way they … the body, how they are used or where they are used
214. The purpose of a green paper of the European Commission of 2001 was …
215. The role of the local custom as a source of law became increasingly important because … (choose 2 correct answers)
216. The role of voluntary associations of consumers is to …
217. The source of religious law is the …, legislating through the prophets
218. The State Duma carries the main responsibility for … federal laws
219. The term “civil law” derives from the …
220. The term “law” denotes the body of rules and regulations that is the product of the … process
221. The theoretical foundations of modern … were laid down in the great works on the social contract
222. The United Nations (UN) defines discrimination as behavior that includes any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on … (choose 2 correct answers)
223. The United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection, that were adopted in 1985 and revised in 1999, propose a list of objectives described as “legitimate …”
224. The United Nations has adopted … treaties in addition to the covenants in the International Bill of Human Rights
225. The word “constitution” in Latin means …
226. There are those who feel that drug crime … is a serious drain on resources, and they worry that drug laws can create more crime than they stop by generating a black market
227. There are voluntary … of consumers (generally formed as non-commercial enterprises) who also protect consumers
228. Though the … often brings the formal charges, investigates the matter, and decides on the case, he or she works within a framework established by a comprehensive, codified set of laws
229. Through …, the Civil Rights Defenders provides expertise and support to human rights defenders while holding those in power accountable for their actions
230. Under the influence of Roman law, medieval scholars of Catholic church law, or canon law, …
231. Under the Russian law, the state control and … of consumer protection as well as sanitary and epidemiological safety of the population is conducted by the Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service (Rospotrebnadzor)
232. Unlike most modern states, … does not have a codified constitution but an unwritten one formed of Acts of Parliament, court judgments and conventions
233. We can find he expression “An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” in the …
234. Analyze the following case: Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay client’s fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled “psychological services rendered” and handwritten in large print was “Third Notice – OVERDUE!!” with client’s name. This notice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day. Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material in such a manner?
235. Ben, who is 19 years old, applies for a job as a clerk in a goods store. The store manager is impressed with Ben's speaking skills and says that he would like to hire him, subject to reference checks. Later, the manager calls Ben and says that he will not be hired. On checking his references with a former employer, the manager found out that Ben was convicted of careless driving. Has the store manager violated Ben's human rights by refusing to hire him?
236. Common-law legal systems place great value on deciding cases according to consistent principled rules, so that similar facts will yield similar and predictable outcomes, and observance of precedent is the mechanism by which that goal is attained. What is the guiding principle of Common-law legal systems? What is the idea behind?
237. Imagine that in 2024 you will be president of your country. What branch will you represent? What will be your powers?
238. Judy owns a clothing retail store. One of her customers returns a T-shirt because it doesn’t fit her. Does Judy have to give her customer a different size or a refund?
239. Mary had therapy sessions. She found out that the psychologist sent copies of her case notes to the insurance carrier responsible for reimbursement and that therapist should not have revealed this information. Client reported psychologist to the APA Ethics Committee for violating confidentiality principles. Psychologist explained to Ethics Committee that any client understands that their confidentiality may be breached when using an insurance company for third-party reimbursement due to administrative and professional peer review. Nonetheless, psychologist never informed client of this risk before therapy began, rather, he assumed client “must understand” the protocol. Think of the Ethics Committee adjudication.
240. Meghan is an interior designer. A supplier installs a gondola incorrectly and it breaks a month later. Who must fix the problem?
241. Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weeks later, it breaks down. Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from?
242. 2Stacy and several of her friends play in a women's hockey league at the skate rink. Quite frequently, the male rink attendants don’t give them their full allotted ice time. The attendants make jokes on the women. Stacy thinks that their rights are violated. She has even complained but the manager has done nothing and supported men. Have the rink attendants violated the young women's human rights?
243. Susan buys a cup of coffee and accidentally spills it at Kate’s bar. What must Kate do to fix the problem?
244. Susan is an Asian-American. She wanted to continue her studies at a local public college but her application was rejected. Susan has grounds to suppose that it was because of her ethnic origin. She filed suit against the college. What law is applied in such a case?
245. The constitution is the main legal act of the State. It lays down the formation of a system of society and establishes the state structure, the order and justification of the idea of representatives, executive and judicial authorities, the electoral system, the rights and obligations of the state, society and citizens. Can it be argued that any constitution is the constitution of a state or society exclusively?
246. The defendant decided to kill his sister. He bought a knife and a bottle of strong alcohol which he drank to give himself “Dutch Courage”. Then he killed his sister. He subsequently claimed that he was so drunk that he did not know what he was doing, or possibly even that the drink had brought on a latent psychopathic state so that he was insane at the time of the killing. What was the Court’s decision?
247. The defendant had voluntarily consumed drugs to calm his nerves. Under the influence of the drugs, he had started shooting in the cottage in which he had been living, but claimed to have been unable to remember anything after taking the drugs. The defendant was convicted of causing criminal damage being reckless as to whether life would be endangered, following the trial judge’s direction to the jury that self-induced intoxication was not available by way of defence to a basic intent crime. The defendant appealed. What is the Court’s decision?
248. The distinction between Public and Private Law is a purely academic debate, nevertheless, it also affects legal practice. There are areas of law, which may not fit into distinction of Public or Private Law. Study the following case: An employment inspector investigates workplace safety, checking all the equipment. The inspector investigates workplace incidents, and conducts workplace inspections to evaluate compliance. Decide whether it falls into the category of Public or Private law.
249. You are a lawyer. In Liza’s electronics shop in the Russia Federation Ivan buys an expensive TV-set. Three weeks after the 12-month manufacturer’s warranty expires, the TV-set stops working. Must Liza give Ivan a remedy?
250. Arrange the documents chronologically:
251. Arrange the documents chronologically:
252. Arrange the milestone documents chronologically:
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